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出自 Arch Linux 中文维基

本文或本節需要翻譯。要貢獻翻譯,請訪問簡體中文翻譯團隊

附註: 需要翻譯。(在 Talk:Mailman# 中討論)

Mailman 是一個郵件列表管理系統。它與郵件伺服器結合使用。

安裝

安裝mailman3軟體包。

Mailman 可與Postorius(用於配置)和Hyperkitty(用於存檔)結合使用。

注意:Mailmanmailman專用用戶的身份運行,因此任何對mailman可執行文件的調用都必須以mailman用戶的身份進行。

配置

All configuration for Mailman takes place in /etc/mailman.cfg. The schema explaining all possible configuration options and setting the defaults is stored in /usr/lib/python3.8/site-packages/mailman/config/schema.cfg.

The configuration is also accessible via the command line. Run the following command as the mailman user (e.g. using sudo or su):

[mailman]$ mailman conf

資料庫

Mailman by default uses an SQLite database in /var/lib/mailman/data/, but can be configured to use MariaDB or PostgreSQL.

SQLite

The default location for the SQLite database is already reflected in the schema.cfg and therefore does not have to be set in Mailman's configuration.

/etc/mailman.cfg
[database]
url: sqlite:////var/lib/mailman/data/mailman.db

MariaDB

Install the python-pymysql package and configure a database on MariaDB.

/etc/mailman.cfg
[database]
class: mailman.database.mysql.MySQLDatabase
url: mysql+pymysql://myuser:mypassword@mymysqlhost/mailman?charset=utf8&use_unicode=1

PostgreSQL

Install the python-psycopg2 package and create a database using PostgreSQL.

/etc/mailman.cfg
[database]
class: mailman.database.postgresql.PostgreSQLDatabase
url: postgres://myuser:mypassword@mypghost/mailman

REST API

Mailman exposes its REST API based on the settings in the [webservice] section of the configuration. Make sure to replace the default values for admin_user and admin_pass (do not use the example values below).

/etc/mailman.cfg
[webservice]
admin_user: my_new_admin_user_name
admin_pass: my_new_admin_user_password

ARC

By default DMARC and DKIM are disabled. The configuration takes place in the [ARC] section of the configuration file. Make sure to set necessary values and read the documentation about the defaults.

/etc/mailman.cfg
[ARC]
enabled: yes
authserv_id: mailserver.tld
trusted_authserv_ids: subdomain.mailserver.tld, other.mailserver.tld
privkey: /path/to/privatekey.pem
selector: test
domain: mailserver.tld

MTA

To connect a mail-transfer-agent (MTA), it is necessary to configure the [mta] section in the configuration file. Upstream documentation covers examples for postfix, exim and sendmail, but other MTAs are technically possible.

Postfix

To connect to a local postfix instance the following configuration section can be used:

/etc/mailman.cfg
[mta]
incoming: mailman.mta.postfix.LMTP
outgoing: mailman.mta.deliver.deliver
lmtp_host: mail.example.com
lmtp_port: 8024
smtp_host: mail.example.com
smtp_port: 25

The postfix configuration has to be extended to ensure compatibility (see upstream notes).

/etc/postfix/main.cf

[..]
recipient_delimiter = +
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
owner_request_special = no
[..]

Additionally, postfix needs to be made aware of mailman's transport maps. Depending on the postfix configuration these may look similar to the following.

注意: The following examples assume that existing values for transport_maps, local_recipient_maps, relay_domains, virtual_mailbox_domains and virtual_alias_maps are merged with the additional values.
/etc/postfix/main.cf

[..]
transport_maps = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_lmtp
local_recipient_maps = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_lmtp
relay_domains = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_domains
[..]

If postmap is not directly accessible by mailman for creating the default hash-based alias maps, it is possible to generate regular expression based alias maps instead. To overwrite the default Python-class based configuration, mailman allows the use of a configuration file. Create the following file:

/etc/postfix-mailman.cfg
[postfix]
postmap_command: /usr/bin/postmap
transport_file_type: regex

Add the file to the [mta] section in mailman's configuration file.

/etc/mailman.cfg
[mta]
[..]
configuration: /etc/postfix-mailman.cfg

Afterwards the regexp based exports can then be used in the postfix configuration.

/etc/postfix/main.cf

[..]
transport_maps = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_lmtp
local_recipient_maps = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_lmtp
relay_domains = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_domains
[..]

注意: Make sure to create the new alias maps after changing their type (e.g. from hash to regexp): [mailman]$ mailman aliases

To connect to a local postfix instance with a virtual mail setup, first set an alias domain. Afterwards alter the respective configuration.

/etc/postfix/main.cf

[..]
local_recipient_maps = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_lmtp
transport_maps = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_lmtp
virtual_mailbox_domains = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_domains
virtual_alias_maps = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_vmap
[..]

運行

啟用啟動 mailman3.service

有幾個systemd定時器服務,負責列表管理的各個方面:

  • mailman3-digests.timer:用於向訂閱者發送每日摘要。
  • mailman3-gatenews.timer:每小時輪詢NNTP伺服器以獲取新聞
  • mailman3-notify.timer:用於每天向管理員發送待處理請求的通知。

安裝

與郵件伺服器集成

這篇文章的某些內容需要擴充。

原因:Example for setup with mail server (based on upstream documentation). (在 Talk:Mailman 中討論)

與 Hyperkitty 集成

Mailman does not automatically archive mails on its own. The Hyperkitty web application is used for this purpose. Based on a plugin, mailman is able to send mails to a Hyperkitty instance for archival.

Install the mailman3-hyperkitty package and configure /etc/mailman-hyperkitty.cfg.

/etc/mailman-hyperkitty.cfg
[general]
base_url: https://example.tld/hyperkitty/
api_key: super_secret_password

Afterwards, make mailman aware of the plugin:

/etc/mailman.cfg
[archiver.hyperkitty]
class: mailman_hyperkitty.Archiver
enable: yes
configuration: /etc/mailman-hyperkitty.cfg

提示與技巧

從 mailman < 3.0 遷移

Mailman 可以導入基於 mailman < 3.0 的列表資料庫(config.pck)。以 mailman 用戶身份(例如使用 sudosu )運行以下命令:

[mailman]$ mailman import21 LISTSPEC PICKLE_FILE

這裡,LISTSPEC 表示要導入的列表的全稱(例如 list@example.com),PICKLE_FILE 表示列表的 config.pck 文件路徑。

注意:要導入的 mailman2 列表必須已經存在於目標 mailman 實例中。

REST API

Mailman 公開了REST API,可使用基於 python-mailmanclient 的自定義工具進行連接。

參見